Function, Usage, Chemistry and Benefits of Vitamin C (Serum) on Our Skin

How Vitamin C Works on Your Skin

Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is a powerful antioxidant that protects and rejuvenates the skin. Unlike other skincare ingredients that work on the surface, Vitamin C penetrates the skin to repair damage, stimulate collagen production, and brighten your complexion. Regular use can improve skin texture, reduce dark spots, and help prevent early signs of ageing.

Why Skin Needs Vitamin C

Our skin constantly faces environmental stressors that cause visible damage:

• Free radicals & oxidative stress: UV rays, pollution, and toxins generate free radicals that damage skin cells.

• Collagen breakdown: Ageing and environmental factors reduce collagen, leading to fine lines, wrinkles, and sagging.

• Hyperpigmentation: Uneven melanin production causes dark spots and dullness.

• Inflammation: Stressors trigger redness, irritation, and weakened skin barrier.

Vitamin C addresses all these issues by protecting, repairing, and supporting healthy skin function.

Benefits of Vitamin C on the Skin

• Antioxidant protection: Neutralises harmful free radicals, preventing cellular damage.

• Collagen booster: Stimulates collagen synthesis, improving firmness and elasticity.

• Brightening effect: Inhibits melanin production, reducing dark spots and evening out skin tone.

• Anti-inflammatory: Helps calm redness and irritation for smoother, healthier-looking skin.

While it doesn’t directly treat acne like salicylic acid, Vitamin C strengthens the skin, supports healing, and enhances overall appearance.

Sources of Vitamin C for the Skin

Vitamin C naturally occurs in citrus fruits, berries, and leafy greens, but dietary intake alone rarely produces visible skin effects. Topical application is the most effective way to deliver Vitamin C directly to the skin.

Common skincare formats include:

• Serums – Most effective form with concentrated Vitamin C.

• Moisturisers – Provide hydration along with antioxidant benefits.

• Masks – Offer short-term brightening and antioxidant effects.

• Cleansers – Mild protection, usually in combination with other ingredients.

How to Safely Use Vitamin C Serum

Recommended Concentrations:

• 10–20% for most over-the-counter serums (suitable for daily use).

• Up to 30% under professional supervision for pigmentation or photoaging treatments.

Routine Application:

1. Cleanse: Start with a gentle, non-stripping cleanser.

2. Apply Vitamin C Serum: Use a few drops and gently pat onto skin (morning or evening).

3. Moisturise: Lock in hydration with a non-comedogenic moisturiser.

4. Protect: Always apply SPF in the morning—Vitamin C and sunscreen work best together.

5. Frequency: Start every other day if your skin is sensitive, then move to daily use.

Who Should Use Vitamin C

• Ideal for all skin types looking to brighten, reduce dark spots, and prevent ageing.

• Can be combined with other actives like niacinamide, hyaluronic acid, or retinol for enhanced results.

• Sensitive skin may need lower concentrations or stabilised formulations to avoid irritation.

Vitamin C – Structure and How It Works

Vitamin C (C₆H₈O₆) is a water-soluble vitamin with multiple hydroxyl groups and a lactone ring. Its structure allows it to:

• Donate electrons to neutralise free radicals.

• Support collagen formation for firmer skin.

• Inhibit melanin production, reducing dark spots.

• Strengthen skin’s natural defences and repair damage.

These properties make Vitamin C a cornerstone ingredient for healthy, radiant, and resilient skin.

You may also like: The Functions and Usage of Niacinamide.